Signs of cystitis in women: symptoms and home treatment

Cystitis- This is a pathology, characterized by the development of an inflammatory process that affects the bladder wall as a result of the effects of bacterial microorganisms.

Statistical cystitis- One of the most common urological pathologies. Women are much more predisposed to the appearance of this inflammation, due to their morphophysiological characteristics.

Bacterial agents entering the bladder cavity are possible in three ways:

1. The ascending path- Through the urethra (urethra). The main role in this version of the penetration of microorganisms belongs to the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the female urinary tract: a short and wide urethra, closely dispensed with the anus and the vagina.
2. Way down- Of the kidneys. This option develops as the course of renal inflammation, for example, chronic pyelonephritis.
3. Hematogenic path- The rarest option is established when cystitis occurs immediately after infectious diseases, or when another source of purulent infection in the female body is detected. There is also a probability of bacterial microflora in the bladder due to the presence of anatomical anastomosis (connections) between the lymphatic vessels of the genital organs and the bladder, subject to inflammatory changes in the above.

The most common causal agent of the bladder's inflammatory process is E. coli (in 4 of 5 cases, which is associated with the anatomical and morphological characteristics mentioned above and the presence of this microflora in the intestine).

Less frequently, cystitis is associated with staphylococcal, streptococcal and enterococcal microorganisms. Gram sticks cause inflammation of the bladder due to instrumental and surgical interventions.

Recently, the incidence of cystitis associated with fungal microorganisms has increased the simplest and viruses.

Only the introduction of infectious microorganisms is not enough for the development of a complete inflammatory response in the bladder, because the body contains mechanisms of resistance to the action of the pathogenic flora.

Cystitis development factors

Therefore, in addition to the etiological factor, factors such as ::

• Hemodynamic function disorder(blood circulation) of the pelvic organs and, in particular, of the bladder;
• Bladder excretory function disorder(urine stagnation);

• Inhibition of several immune bonds of the body(lack of vitamins, exposure to low temperatures, stress, greater fatigue, etc. );
• Passionate effects of biochemical agentsand exchange products that are released in the urine to the structure of the bladder wall;
• radiological rays exposure;
• Non -complex with hygieneexternal genitals and random sexual relations;
• Gastrointestinal tract pathology, in the presence of which microflora accumulates and increases its activity, which subsequently enters the urinary tract;
• Regular changes of hormonal metabolismWhich leads to the lack of tone of the urethra and creates the best conditions for infection.

The first symptomatic manifestations of cystitis in women

The acute cystitis clinic in a woman is characterized by a sudden beginning and a pronounced complex symptomsWith:

• Frequent urine appearance (Pokiuria)which is characterized by a frequency at least once every 60 minutes and small volumes of the urine released; With the development of frequent imperative impulses, patients cannot control and maintain urine;
• Dysuria (urination violation)accompanied by pain in the hypogastric region (in the lower abdomen). With the development of the degree of inflammatory process on the bladder wall, these symptoms progress: the more it develops, the more often the need to urinate and more intense pain;
• Itching in the urinary tractthat arises during the act of urine. It develops due to exposure to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract products of the microorganisms that caused inflammation of the bladder;
• The appearance of drops of bloodAt the end of the urine law;
• The appearance of urine cloud, due to the entrance of a large number of blood cells (leukocytes and red blood cells), bacterial microflora, surface epithelium cells of the inner wall of the bladder;
• These patients are not characterized by a change in the general condition.Patient temperature indicators are characterized by normal or slightly increased numbers (low in gradu). Scientists associate this with the fact that the mucous membrane of the bladder practically does not absorb the metabolic products of microorganisms, which, when entering the blood, generally lead to body poisoning and the development of characteristic symptoms of inflammation.

The connection of sudden symptoms and the previous hypothermia of the body of the woman that has appeared. Acute inflammation phenomena can sometimes be observed for 2-3 days and disappear independently without the use of therapy.

However, most of the time this process takes more than 6 days, sometimes up to 15 days. The presence of a disease at a later date, subject to the appointment of therapy, requires the appointment of additional exam methods to identify the concomitant pathologies of the body.

Pain characterization with cystitis in women

In patients with acute cystitis, there is a different grade of gravity of pain syndrome:

• In the light course of the inflammatory process, patients feel severity or insignificant pain at the bottom of the abdomen.The sensitive pain at the end of the urine law accompany the moderate Pollakiuria. With the additional development of the inflammatory process, pain intensity increases. Subsequently, this syndrome accompanies the beginning or complete act of urine. Pain is not related to the act and acquires almost constant nature, it is accompanied by a very painful palpation on the projection of the bladder.
• In a situation in which a great cystitis developed, patients have to urinate at least 2-3 times per hour, that is accompanied by a significant pain syndrome and the appearance of the blood discharge of the urethra at the end of the law. Pain significantly worsens the quality of the patient's life, because they do not disappear during every day.

The presence of blood cells and blood in the urine with cystitis (hematuria syndrome)

When an inflammatory process is developed on the bladder walls, it affects the fabric areas near the confluence of the ureters and the outlet of the urethra. The fabric is released and bleed.

This is manifested by the appearance of micro and macrohematuria (or blood) in the urine, which is often observed at the end of the urine law (terminal hematuria).

One of the most serious forms of acute cystitis is hemorrhagic. This type of inflammation occurs with a significant penetration of the red blood cells (red blood cells) of the bloodstream of the nutritional arteries in the bladder cavity.

This option is possible in case of greater permeability of the walls of the blood vessels (condition for anemia, vitamin deficiency, disorders in the operation of the blood system) or damage to the anterior walls with bacterial cells (usually streptococcal flora). The red blood cells that have fallen into the cavity of the urine bubble in the blood stone.

When hematuria occurs, the doctor is obliged to carefully perform differential diagnoses between acute cystitis and the complicated acute form - hemorrhagic cystitis. For this, additional exam methods are prescribed, the type of injury is clarified and the most correct therapy scheme is selected.

Characteristics of the course of acute and chronic cystitis in women

Acute cystitis

Summarizing the previous information, the acute beginning of the disease and the presence of a certain symptoms complex for acute cystitis can be distinguished:

• Frequent urine in small portions,
• Pain syndrome of several nature,
• itching associated with the act of urine,
• The appearance of the blood falls at the end of the act,
• The general condition without changes of women.

With a true and timely diagnosis, the pathological condition is cured within 6-10 days. In the absence of improvements after the 15th of the course of the disease, it is worth thinking about the chronization of inflammatory changes.

In addition to hemorrhagic, there are two more forms of complicated course of acute cystitis:

• Gangrenous.The gangrenous form is rarely found and occurs due to the deteriorated blood supply or the innervation of the bladder. Clinically, this cystitis is manifested by difficulty urinating, accompanied by pain, high body temperature, pain in the sacral region. The process is extremely dangerous for the development of formidable complications, such as peritonitis and requires rapid taking measures for treatment.
• Flegmono.The Phlegmono shape is manifested by significant poisoning of the body, high body temperature and is accompanied by the release of a small amount of urine (oliguria). Urine, with such a complicated current, acquires a putrefactive smell, muddy character, fibrin formations, blood mixture.

The duration of the pathology course in the case of the development of complicated forms increases significantly.

There is another form of cystitis: interstitial.It is characterized by the inflammation of all urine bubble membranes. The clinic is dominated by very fast urination, reaching up to 180 times a day, active complaints of severe pain in the hypogastric region when filling the bladder and its regression after the urine law. The ability of the bubble is significantly reduced, as a result of which the previous symptoms occur.

Chronic cystitis

Chronic cystitis, in contrast to acute, rarely occurs as a primary pathology and in most cases it is a secondary complication of the existing pathologies of the bladder, the kidneys, the urethra.

Given this fact, it is necessary to carefully examine the body for the presence of previous pathological changes, as well as exclude or confirm the specific origin of microorganisms: the tuberculosis lever, the invasion of trichomonas.

Clinically, chronic cystitis is manifested by a continuous course with moderate differences in complaints and the clinical analysis of urine, or in the form of recurring pathology with periods of exacerbation (similar to the acute cystitis clinic) and complete regression (with the absence of any manifest of the pathological process).

Therefore, the objective manifestations of chronic cystitis correspond to such in the acute process. They correlate with the common protective properties of the body, the etiology of a bacterial agent that caused an infectious process and the degree of severity of inflammation. Pain, frequent urination, itching, the presence of blood and urine cloud are less pronounced with a constant course and correspond to the acute process with the recurring course of chronic cystitis.

Due to the inflammatory reaction lesion of the mucosa, the edema of all layers of the urinated wall and the increase in intrapacial pressure created all the conditions for the formation of vesicular-memorial reflux, that is, foundry fluid from the bladder back to the ureter (connects the kidneys and bubbles).

The doctor-urologist is dedicated to the verification of the diagnosis and the purpose of cystitis therapy.

To correctly diagnose inflammatory pathology, it is necessary to clearly fix the complaints of the patients and their history (which preceded the development of the pathology).

Clinical manifestations are quite specific and may immediately indicate the presence of this disease, however, it is necessary to carefully perform the differential diagnosis between all types of cystitis, as well as other bladder pathologies and diseases of the abdominal organs.

From anamnesis, data on the tension and influences of low temperatures, drugs taken, as well as other lesions located in the pelvic organs and the genitourinary system will be useful.

After clarifying the complaints and an anamnesis, the clinical urine analysis (general) can help in the verification of the diagnosis: increased levels of white and red blood cells (leukocytes and red blood cells, respectively) will be detected.

To identify the type of bacterial microorganism that caused the inflammatory process, the urine sows to special nutrients, which can be used in the future to choose the most effective antibacterial medication.

Before the urine fence for the bacteriological examination, it is necessary to qualitatively treat the area of external genitals with an antiseptic solution. The conduction of cystoscopy in the presence of acute inflammatory reaction is contraindicated.

To diagnose chronic cystitis, together with the collection of complaints and data on anamnesis, cystoscopy helps during remission. This will establish all the necessary characteristics of an inflammatory disease. With this manipulation, it is possible to take biopsy material: the mucous membrane of the urine bubble. In addition, to identify chronic cystitis, an X -Ray study is recommended.